Styrene - Revision history

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‎Author

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‎Author

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‎Human exposure

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‎Naturally produced

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‎Human exposure

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‎Naturally produced

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‎Naturally produced

RRM: /* Migration from disposables */

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‎Migration from disposables

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‎Migration from disposables

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==Author==
 Author of this article is Thijs Klompmaker, born in 1966
 Author's [http://www.topfitafter50.com/ website, as personal trainer] (specialized in isolation exercises and dietary solutions)

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==Author==
-[[Image:SocialMedia.jpg|thumb|left| ]]
+[[Image:Instagram.jpg|thumb|left| ]]
 Author of this article is Thijs Klompmaker, born in 1966

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:06, 26 January 2017
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	==Human exposure==		==Human exposure==
	Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bodyweight (bw)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]		Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bodyweight (bw)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]
		+
		+	==Author==
		+	[[Image:SocialMedia.jpg\|thumb\|left\| ]]
		+	Author of this article is Thijs Klompmaker, born in 1966
		+
		+	* Author's [http://www.topfitafter50.com/ website, as personal trainer] (specialized in isolation exercises and dietary solutions)
		+
		+	* Author's [https://www.instagram.com/topfitafter50/ Instagram account]
		+
		+	* Author's [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLZULfm7l2dZFyDdhrROJKg YouTube Channel]
		+
		+	* Author's [https://twitter.com/topfitafter50/ Twitter account]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==Naturally produced==
 Similar to toluene and ethylbenzene, styrene is also released during food decaying processes[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541778] (as in spoiled salmon[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061824]).
-Olives and olive oil may also contain styrene[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111151], due to the uptake of aromatics, metabolized into styrene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785357] Other vegetable oils contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3765851] Barley storage molds[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641484] and Blue-cheese fungi (eg Gorgonzola, camembert[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291386]) also produce styrene, as well as the plastics used for packaging.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461461] Due to gram-negative bacteria in dairy, all raw milk cheeses also contain styrene (and o-dichlorobenzene; a derivative of benzene).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16013377] Cinnamon constituents naturally contain the styrene structure (incl. cinnamic acid[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17360064]), which may get released due to the activity of fungal species present on cinnamon.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723212]
+Olives and olive oil may also contain styrene[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111151], due to the uptake of aromatics, metabolized into styrene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785357] Other vegetable oils contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3765851] Barley storage molds[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641484] (through enzymatic hydrolysis) and Blue-cheese fungi (eg Gorgonzola, camembert[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291386]) also produce styrene, as well as the plastics used for packaging.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461461] Due to gram-negative bacteria in dairy, all raw milk cheeses also contain styrene (and o-dichlorobenzene; a derivative of benzene).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16013377] Cinnamon constituents naturally contain the styrene structure (incl. cinnamic acid[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17360064]), which may get released due to the activity of fungal species present on cinnamon.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723212]
 ==Human exposure==
 Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bodyweight (bw)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 22 December 2012
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−	Styrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), formed during incomplete combustion of organic compounds (as in cigarette smoke[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869]) and a (one of many) [http://www.waiwiki.org/index.php/Maillard_reaction Maillard reaction] ~~product~~. Styrene polymeres are industrially produced for use in various products, including dyes and disposables.	+	Styrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), formed during incomplete combustion of organic compounds (as in cigarette smoke[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869]) and a (one of many) [http://www.waiwiki.org/index.php/Maillard_reaction Maillard reaction product]. Styrene polymeres are industrially produced for use in various products, including dyes and disposables.

	==Formation in cooked foods==		==Formation in cooked foods==

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 22 December 2012
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	==Human exposure==		==Human exposure==
−	Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bw[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]	+	Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bodyweight (bw)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Naturally produced==
-Similar to toluene and ethylbenzene, syrene is also released during food decaying processes[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541778] (as in spoiled salmon[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061824]).
+Similar to toluene and ethylbenzene, styrene is also released during food decaying processes[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541778] (as in spoiled salmon[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061824]).
-olives and olive oil may also contain styrene[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111151], due to the uptake of aromatics, metabolized into styrene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785357] Blue-cheese fungi (eg Gorgonzola, camembert[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291386]) also produce styrene, as well as the plastics used for packaging.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461461] Due to gram-negative bacteria in dairy, all raw milk cheeses also contain styrene (and o-dichlorobenzene; a derivative of benzene).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16013377] Cinnamon constituents naturally contain the styrene structure (incl. cinnamic acid[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17360064]), which may get released due to the activity of fungal species present on cinnamon.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723212]
+olives and olive oil may also contain styrene[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111151], due to the uptake of aromatics, metabolized into styrene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785357] Barley storage molds[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641484] and Blue-cheese fungi (eg Gorgonzola, camembert[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291386]) also produce styrene, as well as the plastics used for packaging.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461461] Due to gram-negative bacteria in dairy, all raw milk cheeses also contain styrene (and o-dichlorobenzene; a derivative of benzene).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16013377] Cinnamon constituents naturally contain the styrene structure (incl. cinnamic acid[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17360064]), which may get released due to the activity of fungal species present on cinnamon.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723212]
 ==Human exposure==
 Total daily styrene exposure is estimated at maximally 0.17 mcg/kg bw[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364922] and human lifetime risk for tumors is estimated to be very low.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11738266] In another study the daily styrene exposure is estimated to range from 18.2 to 55.2 mcg per person (roughly 0.2 to 0.8 mcg/kg bw) with the greatest proportion coming from inhaled styrene (exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, indoor heating).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10781869] In Canada daily intakes of styrene for the general population were estimated at 0.004 to 0.17 mcg/kg bw from ambient air, 0.07 to 0.10 mcg/kg bw from indoor air and up to 0.58 mcg/kg from food. The estimated intakes from drinking-water and soil were negligible. Potential exposure from cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes / day) was estimated to be 2.86 mcg/kg bw per day.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070873]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Migration from disposables==
-Similar to acrylonitrile[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1999304], bisphenol A and phthalates, plastic drink containers[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22043764]] and plastic liners in cans and other polystyrene foam packages[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17164219] are a source of styrene exposure from food/drinks. Except for polystyrene egg cartons, which leak no styrene into eggs.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797174] Bottled drinking water may contain styrene (up to 29.5  mcg/L; increased to 69.53 mcg/L after 1 yr storage) leached from the polystyrene (PS) bottle.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17915704] Migration of styrene from disposable cups (styrofoam and PS, not paper cups) into drinks highly depends on fat content and temperature of drinks.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19750020]
+Similar to acrylonitrile[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1999304], benzene[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2354739], bisphenol A and phthalates, plastic drink containers[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22043764]] and plastic liners in cans and other polystyrene foam packages[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17164219] are a source of styrene exposure from food/drinks. Except for polystyrene egg cartons, which leak no styrene into eggs.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797174] Bottled drinking water may contain styrene (up to 29.5  mcg/L; increased to 69.53 mcg/L after 1 yr storage) leached from the polystyrene (PS) bottle.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17915704] Migration of styrene from disposable cups (styrofoam and PS, not paper cups) into drinks highly depends on fat content and temperature of drinks.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19750020]
 Up to 150 mg styrene /kg was transferred from polystyrene disposables into sunflower oil and up to 90 mg/kg into individual serving milk products.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8314394] Butter[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17705437], yoghurt[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364921][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9666894] may also contain styrene, as the migration of styrene from packaging material very much depends on fat-contents of the liquid/food (and temperature).[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9829045] In the US, the exposure to styrene from polystyrene food-contact articles is estimated at 9 mcg per day, compared to 1 to 4 mcg /day for UK residents.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7480894]