Tilapia - Revision history

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:50:26Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:35:17Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:32:57Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:31:07Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:29:31Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-13T12:26:16Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

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2020-11-13T11:41:59Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

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2020-11-08T15:21:45Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

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2020-11-08T15:03:32Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

RRM: /* Alkalinity & pH */

2020-11-08T15:00:34Z

‎Alkalinity & pH

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' may thrive in water with 245 mg/L bicarbonates [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07438140709354036#.VKriGyuG_QM] or 289 mg/L total alkalinity and 8.8 to 9.4 pH [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110%3C239%3ADAAOPD%3E2.0.CO%3B2#.VKwPHyuG_QM][http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb05129.x/abstract][http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292796000339] or 7.9 to 8.6 pH (dominant fork length is 24 cm)[http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/329/pr98_pdf_69082.pdf#page=66], may tolerate pH up to 9.6.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17821860/], and may cope with 10 pH for several weeks.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00440.x/abstract]
-''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~woodcm/Woodblog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Narahara-Bergman-et-al-2003-CBP-A.pdf]
+''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85), where it primarily consumes Arthrospira platensis.[https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~woodcm/Woodblog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Narahara-Bergman-et-al-2003-CBP-A.pdf]
 ==Water flow==

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' may thrive in water with 245 mg/L bicarbonates [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07438140709354036#.VKriGyuG_QM] or 289 mg/L total alkalinity and 8.8 to 9.4 pH [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110%3C239%3ADAAOPD%3E2.0.CO%3B2#.VKwPHyuG_QM][http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb05129.x/abstract][http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292796000339] or 7.9 to 8.6 pH (dominant fork length is 24 cm)[http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/329/pr98_pdf_69082.pdf#page=66], may tolerate pH up to 9.6.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17821860/], and may cope with 10 pH for several weeks.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00440.x/abstract]
-''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~woodcm/Woodblog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Narahara-Bergman-et-al-2003-CBP-A.pdf]
+''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~woodcm/Woodblog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Narahara-Bergman-et-al-2003-CBP-A.pdf]
 ==Water flow==

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' may thrive in water with 245 mg/L bicarbonates [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07438140709354036#.VKriGyuG_QM] or 289 mg/L total alkalinity and 8.8 to 9.4 pH [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110%3C239%3ADAAOPD%3E2.0.CO%3B2#.VKwPHyuG_QM][http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb05129.x/abstract][http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292796000339] or 7.9 to 8.6 pH (dominant fork length is 24 cm)[http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/329/pr98_pdf_69082.pdf#page=66], may tolerate pH up to 9.6.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17821860/], and may cope with 10 pH for several weeks.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00440.x/abstract]
-''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109564330300223X]
+''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~woodcm/Woodblog/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Narahara-Bergman-et-al-2003-CBP-A.pdf]
 ==Water flow==

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' may thrive in water with 245 mg/L bicarbonates [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07438140709354036#.VKriGyuG_QM] or 289 mg/L total alkalinity and 8.8 to 9.4 pH [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110%3C239%3ADAAOPD%3E2.0.CO%3B2#.VKwPHyuG_QM][http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb05129.x/abstract][http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292796000339] or 7.9 to 8.6 pH (dominant fork length is 24 cm)[http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/329/pr98_pdf_69082.pdf#page=66], may tolerate pH up to 9.6.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17821860/], and may cope with 10 pH for several weeks.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00440.x/abstract]
-''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L and pH 9.85)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109564330300223X]
+''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L titratable base, and pH 9.85)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109564330300223X]
 ==Water flow==

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' may thrive in water with 245 mg/L bicarbonates [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07438140709354036#.VKriGyuG_QM] or 289 mg/L total alkalinity and 8.8 to 9.4 pH [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110%3C239%3ADAAOPD%3E2.0.CO%3B2#.VKwPHyuG_QM][http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb05129.x/abstract][http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292796000339] or 7.9 to 8.6 pH (dominant fork length is 24 cm)[http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/329/pr98_pdf_69082.pdf#page=66], may tolerate pH up to 9.6.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17821860/], and may cope with 10 pH for several weeks.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00440.x/abstract]
-''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139]
+''Oreochromis alcalicus grahami'' (Alcolapia grahami) has adapted to living in waters at pH 10.5.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10514466/], It thrives in Lake Magadi, Kenya (pH 10, 180 mmol CaCO<sub>2</sub>/L, 30–40°C)[https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z95-139] (245 meq/L and pH 9.85)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109564330300223X]
 ==Water flow==

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 major forms of inorganic carbon, increasing alkalinity (and DO).[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00493.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false] CO<sub>2</sub> may also be withdrawn (which results in an increase in pH) by adding (bi)carbonates. (Example formula: Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O => 2NaHCO<sub>3</sub>)[http://books.google.nl/books?id=Sz4RYEyH5DsC&dq=Pond+aquaculture+water+quality+management&lr=&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s]
-The appropriate levels for tila[ia aquaculture are 20-150 mg CaCO<sub>3</sub> / L alkalinity and 7.4-8.2 pH.[http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciTechnol/article/viewFile/12003/pdf]
+The appropriate levels for tilapia aquaculture are 20-150 mg CaCO<sub>3</sub> / L alkalinity and 7.4-8.2 pH.[http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciTechnol/article/viewFile/12003/pdf], or 7.5 to 8.5 pH, up to 9 pH.[https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue5/PartAB/6-5-235-799.pdf]
 Adding sodium carbonate to water with 20 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub> alkalinity, increasing alkalinity up to 77 meq/L, does not affect ''Oreochromis niloticus'' growth rates. Calcium carbonate is better for tilapia growth, as increasing water hardness as well.[http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/download/8510/8510] Total hardness refers to the content of soluble Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> in the water. Tilapia need to absorb these ions from the gills for several physiological functions. When total alkalinity is much greater than hardness, water pH may reach 11 in the mid-afternoon due to photosynthesis, because more free CO<sup>2-</sup><sub>3</sub> remains in solution.[http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciTechnol/article/viewFile/12003/pdf] Acidifying processes decrease alkalinity, but not hardness of the water.