Oxalate
The current page is a work in progress.
Under construction = Sept 6, 2015 to Sept 30, 2015.
Just crashing this page as a place to put articles together.
Going to test Wiki's ability to organize sources.
Disclaimer: Everything here is a rough draft, no real data, newbie working on Wiki(Sept 6, 2015). - Aytundra.
Objective: Trying to piece together the articles on Vitamin C, Oxalate... to get a clearer picture.
TO BEGIN
DUMPING ARTICLE LINKS
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39676/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8126804
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589801
http://www.nrjournal.com/article/S0271-5317%2897%2900012-2/abstract
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005273681903126
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/556479_1
OTHER THINGS TO READ:
This link gives exact oxalate/100 g for legumes, nuts and flours.
http://www.2ndchance.info/oxalate-dogChai2005oxalatecontentfoods.pdf
This link gives approximate oxalate/100 g for various foods.
http://www.denvernephrology.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Oxalate2008.pdf
CATEGORIES OF OXALATES defined by Aytundra.
My numbering system to organize ideas: "#.#.#.#." = Category of oxalate from urine sample external | Vitamin C, Oxalate subcategories input| mechanism internal|oxalate subcategories output
Oxalate could be in a urine sample because:
1. Vitamin C converted to oxalate endogenously (Vitamin_C-sourced-oxalate).
2. Vitamin C mobilizes oxalate from foods in the diet (plant_based_veggie-sourced-oxalate).
3. Vitamin C mobilizes oxalate from oxalate supplements in the diet (C13_marker-sourced-oxalate).
4. Ethylene_glycol poisoning as precursor for alcohol dehydrogenase to convert glycolate into oxalate.(ethylene_glycol-glycolate-oxalate) antifreeze (Ethylene_glycol-alcoholdehydrogenase-sourced-oxalate).
5. Error in Urine Collection Procedure (Vitamin_C-procedure-sourced-oxalate).
1.1 (orange_juice-based-Vitamin_C)
1.2 (supplement-based-Vitamin_C)
2.1 (seed-plant-based-oxalate) pepper.
2.2 (peel-plant-based-oxalate) lemon peel.
2.3 (leaf-plant-based-oxalate) amaranth leaf.
2.4 (stem-plant-based-oxalate).
4.0.1.0. Ethylene glycol's oxalic acid is produced from alcohol dehydrogenase.
1.0.0.1. Excretion of urine oxalate is Vitamin-C-sourced-oxalate. <--- {That which oj drinkers might be scared of. But is it true? We will find out after analyzing articles.}
1.0.0.2. Excretion of urine oxalate is plant-based-sourced-oxalate.
SCRUTINIZING ARTICLES
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3537623
Ethylene glycol combined with alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes to glucolaldehyde to glycolate and including one to oxalate(Jacobsen D. and McMartin K.E., 1986). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3537623
- Aytundra is thinking: {Would drinking alcohol or fermented orange juice help reduce vitamin C conversion to oxalic acid? Is that why vitamin C supplements
bring out urinary oxalate?}
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8126804
" Ascorbate added directly to urine in vitro resulted in statistically significant but modest increases in measured oxalate. Addition of 5.68 mmol./l. ascorbate increased measured urinary oxalate by 36 mumol./l., implying conversion of ascorbate to oxalate during analysis. Measurement of 24-hour urinary oxalate levels with 5 and 10 gm. ascorbate per day showed similar, modest increases,..." (Wandzilak T.R., D'Andre S.D., Davis P.A., Williams H.E., 1994). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8126804
1 gm
5 gm
10 gm
24 hr
1994
- What did the subjects eat?
- Flaw: Diets of subjects were not reported.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39676/?page=5
"At the vitmamin C dose of 1000 mg daily, urine uric acid and oxalate were elevated."(Levine M. et al, 1996)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39676/?page=5
7 male adults without kidney stone history.
1996, study was published.
300 food items
14 day rotation menu
4 to 6 months hospital controlled diet.
- The key questions that Aytundra wants to ask Levine et al. 1996: What foods did each of these 7 male adults eat from the 300 food items offered by the hospital? and of these food items eaten, What was the total oxalate content per day per individual during the course of the study?"
- Flaw: Diets of subjects were not reported.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589801
"The results showed that erroneously high analytical oxalate levels occur in the a[b]sence[sic] of preservative. In the preserved samples there was no significant increase in oxalate excretion at any stage of the protocol. (Auer B.L., Auer D., and Rodgers A.L., 1998). "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589801 "There were no changes in either the calcium oxalate relative supersaturation or Tiselius risk index. It is concluded that ingestion of large doses of ascorbic acid does not affect the principal risk factors associated with calcium oxalate kidney stone formation." (Auer B.L., Auer D., and Rodgers A.L., 1998). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589801
10 healthy males
4 gm
24 hr
5 days
1998
- What did the subjects eat?
- However, study points to the protocol of sample preservation as key to understanding oxalate levels; no preservation caused high oxalate measurement, an analytical error, in their study.
http://www.nrjournal.com/article/S0271-5317%2897%2900012-2/pdf
"The orange juice treatment was associated with higher urinary excretion of endogenously-derived oxalate, citrate, and calcium, and a higher urinary pH. Since these urinary changes were not observed during the supplemental ascorbate period, the two sources of ascorbate differentially affected key urinary components which are related to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis." (Liebman M., Weiwan C., Harvey E., and Boenisch L. 1996) http://www.nrjournal.com/article/S0271-5317%2897%2900012-2/pdf
6 healthy individuals
24 hr
175 mg unlabelled oxalate loads
18 mg labelled oxalate loads 1,2-13C2
vitamin C from orange juice
vitamin C from supplemental form
- What did the subjects eat?
- Access to article is limited to Abstract. Open Access?
